自动喷水灭火系统的检测和维护是系统运用中的重要环节，重新认识其重要性，加强检测和维护技术措施，对于保障自动喷水灭火系统发挥作用具有积极的意义。

The detection and maintenance of automatic sprinkler system is an important link in the application of the system. It is of great significance to re recognize its importance and to strengthen the technical measures of detection and maintenance, and it is of great significance to ensure the function of automatic sprinkler system.

1 检测维护的重要性和评价

1 importance and evaluation of detection and maintenance

1.1 重要性

1.1 importance

自动喷水灭火系统具有系统控制论的概念。作为自动控制，只有加强日常的检测和维护方能满足自动喷水灭火系统在需要时的正常启动，发挥其设定的功效。自动喷水灭火系统也是按一定的秩序和内部联系组合而成的整体。自动喷水灭火系统检测好维护也是对系统的控制，是对系统的运行进行监督, 判定系统是否能满足设计的最低功能要求，正朝着既定的目标健康地向前发展, 并及时采取矫正措施。这就需要准确的检测和有效的维护。

Sprinkler system has the concept of system cybernetics. As an automatic control, only by strengthening routine inspection and maintenance can it satisfy the normal start of the sprinkler system when needed, and play the role of its setting. Sprinkler system is also composed of certain order and internal connection. The automatic water sprinkler system is also the control of the system, the system is the supervision of the system, determine whether the system can meet the minimum functional requirements of the design, is facing the established target healthy development, and timely corrective measures. This requires accurate detection and effective maintenance.

从工程技术的角度出发，自动喷水灭火系统的系统控制包含了设计、安装、验收、维护的全工程，有必要进行全过程的控制。从系统的角度出发，自动喷水灭火系统的检测需要做到“整体大于部分之和”的原则，提高整个系统的可靠性，通过检测和维护来降低风险。从控制的角度出发，自动喷水灭火系统的可靠性需要对问题的处理控制在“可能性空间”内，把可能性空间缩小到一定的控制范围内以提高“控制能力”，以产生良好的“负反馈调节”。检测和维护也是对系统的反馈。自动喷水灭火系统检测和维护的最终目的是使自动喷水灭火系统处于稳定的平衡状态，确保系统能充分、有效地发挥控火或灭火的作用。

From the point of view of engineering technology, the system control of automatic sprinkler system includes the whole project of design, installation, acceptance and maintenance. It is necessary to control the whole process. From the point of view of the system, the detection of automatic sprinkler system requires the principle of "overall greater than the sum of parts", to improve the reliability of the whole system, and to reduce the risk through detection and maintenance. From the point of view of control, the reliability of the automatic sprinkler system needs to be controlled in the "possibility space", and the possibility space is reduced to a certain range of control to improve the "control ability" to produce a good "negative feedback regulation". Detection and maintenance are also feedback to the system. The final purpose of automatic sprinkler system detection and maintenance is to make the automatic sprinkler system in a stable state of balance, to ensure that the system can fully and effectively play the role of fire control or fire extinguishing.

1.2 系统评价指标

1.2 system evaluation index

建立自动喷水灭火系统的系统评价指标可有利于对喷淋系统进行系统评价，保证设计建立的系统在消防安全目标、使用性能、经济效益达到预期的目的。在自动喷水灭火系统中，往往是最简单的东西也是最可靠的。

The system evaluation index of automatic sprinkler system can be used to evaluate the sprinkler system and ensure the goal, performance and economic benefit of the system designed. In automatic sprinkler system, it is usually the simplest and the most reliable.

自动喷水灭火系统的系统评价要素与系统的组成有关。这些系统评价要素需要结合各种水灭火系统的系统运行工况。从自动喷水灭火系统施工验收本身的角度出发，其系统评价的核心指标主要有3方面：系统的可靠性、系统的可检侧性、系统的可维护性。

The essential elements of system evaluation of automatic sprinkler system are related to the composition of the system. These elements of system evaluation need to be combined with the operation conditions of various water extinguishing systems. From the angle of construction acceptance of automatic sprinkler system, the core indexes of the system evaluation are mainly 3 aspects: the reliability of the system, the detectable side of the system and the maintainability of the system.

2 检测措施

2 detection measures

自动喷水灭火系统的检测主要从水量、水压两个主要方面来检测系统的情况。水源上有市政水源的压力检测、消防泵的运行检测、系统供水的末端检测。针对喷淋系统特点的有阀门的检测和冰冻期的检查等技术措施。

The detection of sprinkler system is mainly based on the two main aspects of water volume and water pressure to detect the system. There are municipal water source pressure detection, fire pump operation detection and water supply end detection. According to the characteristics of spray system, there are technical measures for valve detection and freezing period inspection.

3.1 喷淋泵的检测

Detection of 3.1 spray pump

喷淋泵的检测与系统的控制与联动要求有很大的关系[1][2]。不同的喷淋系统决定了不同的联动控制要求[5]。喷淋系统的控制还与高位消防水箱、局部稳压设施的设置有关。喷淋消防水泵的联动控制信号主要是来源于压力开关。临时高压喷淋系统的消防泵启动应由设置在报警阀组延时器后的压力开关控制，稳高压喷淋系统的消防泵启动可由设置在消防泵出水管上的压力开关控制[3]。对于有消防给水分区的情况，还需要考虑转输喷淋泵的控制要求。

The detection of spray pump is closely related to the control and linkage of the system, [1][2]. Different sprinkler systems decide different linkage control requirements, [5]. The control of sprinkler system is also related to the setting of high fire water tanks and local voltage stabilizing facilities. The linkage control signals of sprinkler fire pumps mainly come from pressure switches. The fire pump start of the temporary high pressure sprinkler system should be controlled by the pressure switch set after the delay device of the alarm valve group. The fire pump of the high pressure sprinkler system can be controlled by the pressure switch set on the outlet pipe of the fire pump to control [3]. For fire water supply zoning, we also need to consider the control requirements of transfer pump.

从系统自动控制检测的角度出发，喷淋泵采用自动巡检方式很有必要。消防泵自检方式主要有常速自检和低速自检两种形式[4][5]。不同形式的自检方式适用于消防泵从不同水源吸水的情况。喷淋消防泵的自检方式不仅是系统加强维护管理的措施，也应检测完整的消防给水工况。

From the perspective of system automatic control and inspection, it is necessary to adopt automatic inspection method for sprinkler pump. There are two ways of self checking for fire pumps, which are constant speed self checking and low speed self checking, [4][5]. Different forms of self-test are suitable for the water absorption of fire pumps from different sources. The self inspection method of sprinkler fire pump is not only a measure of strengthening maintenance and management, but also a complete fire water supply condition.

从提高系统运行可靠性角度出发，喷淋主备泵的切换采用压力信号控制方法较电流信号控制方法更优化[6]。压力信号控制方法能真实地反映出消防给水的工况，其切换信号的可靠性较高。

From improving the system operation reliability, the pressure signal control method of the spray main standby pump is optimized, and the [6] is optimized more than the current signal control method. The pressure signal control method can truly reflect the working condition of the fire water supply, and the reliability of the switch signal is high.

从喷淋泵的选择看，柴油发动机驱动的消防泵可靠性略好于电机驱动的消防泵，这主要是得益于它们不易受到外界因素的影响[7][8]；喷淋泵宜优先选用卧式多级泵，且工况曲线性能要求上优选较平缓的水泵[9]。

From the choice of the spray pump, the reliability of the diesel engine driven fire pump is better than the motor driven fire pump, which is mainly due to their not easy to be affected by the external factors [7][8]; the spray pump should choose the horizontal multistage pump first, and the performance curve performance requirements of the pump [9].

喷淋泵是自动喷水灭火系统的心脏，需要建立喷淋泵的测试和维护清单[7]。每周测试项目有：阀门和管路、柴油或电动机的自动启动、泵控制柜、泄压阀、泵冷却、水源、泵房温度、柴油发动机等指标。每月测试柴油发动机蓄电池电解液的液位和比重、柴油发动机蓄电池接线端的腐蚀，以及电缆及其连接的状况。每半年测试为更换机油。每年测试有：流量测试、消防泵连接器、柴油发动机等。消防水泵性能检测装置可参考美国NFPA20推荐的消防泵的检测装置系统的供水性能。

Sprinkler pump is the heart of sprinkler system. We need to set up the test and maintenance list of spray pump [7]. The weekly test items include: valve and pipeline, auto start of diesel or motor, pump control cabinet, pressure relief valve, pump cooling, water source, pump room temperature, diesel engine and so on. The liquid level and specific gravity of diesel engine battery electrolyte, the corrosion of diesel engine battery terminal and the condition of cable and its connection are tested every month. The oil is replaced every half year. Annual tests include flow test, fire pump connector, diesel engine and so on. The performance test device of fire pump can refer to the water supply performance of the fire pump detection device recommended by the US NFPA20.

3.2 阀门的检测

Detection of 3.2 valves

在喷淋系统中，关闭的阀门、堵塞的管道、不当的维修及其他问题都会导致喷淋系统失去作用。因此，对喷淋系统中阀门的检测是很有必要。

In spray system, closed valves, blocked pipes, improper maintenance and other problems will cause the spray system to lose its function. Therefore, it is necessary to detect valves in spray system.

研究显示[7]，如果没有正确的关闭处理

Research shows that [7] is not properly shut down.