1., the configuration of fire fighting facilities is not standard and random

一些电力生产企业，在灭火器配置计算工作中，主观随意性较大，不遵守电力行业标准和国家技术规范。或是降低标准，偌大的生产现场只有寥寥数具；或是认为多多益善，超标准配置，即使生产现场设有消火栓、喷淋等灭火系统，也不按《规范》规定的修正参数进行酌减，造成单位资金不必要的支出，加重企业负担。

Some power production enterprises in the calculation of fire extinguishers configuration, subjective randomness, and do not comply with the power industry standards and national technical specifications. Or lower the standard, the huge production site only a few out; or that The more, the better., super standard, even if the production site is equipped with the fire hydrant and sprinkler fire extinguishing system, not according to the "standard" provisions of the correction parameter reduction, causes unit funds unnecessary spending, increasing the burden on enterprises.

灭火器配置不足或不符合规定。如电缆夹层、继电器室、DCS室、蓄电池室、汽机主油箱周围、燃运控制室、机房天车等都没有配置灭火器；油泵房外应配置沙箱及泡沫灭火器，却都没有配备。油库区防火堤围内消防器材不足。部分人认为已经配置了泡沫灭火系统，这些器材就不用配置了，这是不对的。各种设施功能不同，各有所用，不能代替。变电所内户外高压设备场所无消防水管、消火栓装置。

The extinguisher is poorly configured or out of specification. Such as cable interlayer, relay room, DCS room, battery room, around the main tank, the turbine fuel transport control room crane are not fire extinguisher; pump room should be configured sandbox and foam extinguisher, but are not equipped with. Fire fighting equipment depot area fire dike in shortage. Some people think that the foam fire extinguishing system has been installed, and the equipment will not need to be configured. This is not correct. Various facilities, different functions, each have some use, can not be replaced. Outdoor fire fighting water pipe and fire hydrant device in substation outdoor high voltage equipment place.

主控室、厂用电室、保安段室等，室内没有按规定适量配置消防器材。锅炉磨煤机油站，虽然油量不多，但所处环境恶劣，附近也没有消防器材，灭火器材配备不足。

The main control room, power plant room, security section room, etc., the room does not have the right amount of fire equipment. Boiler, coal, oil station, although not much oil, but the environment is bad, there is no fire fighting equipment nearby, fire equipment inadequate.

为此建议：按照1997年修订的国家《建筑灭火器配置设计规范》 (GBJl40—1990)和部颁《电力设备典型消防规程》(DL5027—1993)规定，对消防器材按国家技术规范、标准配置，对灭火器配置的设计计算，原则上应先确定配置场所的危险等级、火灾种类以及要保护面积所需的总灭火级别，然后根据各设置点的具体要求、所应选的灭火器种类、灭火器规格，确定配置数量，并根据配置场所的固定消防设施情况进行修正。

This proposal: according to the 1997 revised "state building fire extinguisher design specification" (GBJl40 - 1990) and the Ministry of electric power equipments "typical fire regulations" (DL5027 - 1993) provisions for fire equipment configuration according to technical specifications and standards, the fire extinguisher configuration design calculation, in principle, should first determine the risk level and the location of the fire and fire protection to the total species level area required, and then according to the set point of the specific requirements, which should be the fire extinguishers types, specifications of fire extinguisher, determine the number of configurations and revise according to the location of the fixed fire fighting facilities.

消防设施是指消火栓、灭火器、火灾自动报警和灭火设施、消防安全疏散标志等各种专门用于防火、火灾报警、灭火以及发生火灾时用于疏散逃生的设施、器材。

Fire facilities refers to the fire hydrant, fire extinguisher, fire alarm and fire-fighting facilities, fire evacuation signs and other specialized for fire prevention, fire alarm, fire extinguishing and fire evacuation for facilities and equipment.

干粉灭火器是一种效能较好的灭火器，主要用于扑救各种非水溶性及水溶性可燃、易燃液体的火灾，以及天然气和石油气等可燃气体火灾和一般带电设备的火灾。干粉灭火剂平时贮存于干粉灭火器中，灭火时依靠CO2加压气体将干粉从喷嘴喷出，形成一股雾状粉流，射向燃烧区。当干粉灭火剂与火焰接触时，发生一系列的物理化学反应，将火扑灭。

Fire extinguisher fire extinguisher is a good performance, mainly used for fighting a variety of non water soluble and water-soluble flammable, flammable liquid fires, and natural gas and petroleum gas and other flammable gas fires and fire equipment in general charged. Dry powder extinguishing agent is usually stored in a dry powder extinguisher, and when extinguishing, the dry powder is ejected from the nozzle by a CO2 pressurized gas to form a mist like powder stream and shoot into the combustion zone. When dry powder extinguishing agents contact with fire, a series of physical and chemical reactions are produced and the fire is extinguished.

二氧化碳灭火器由于C02灭火剂具有灭火不留痕迹，有一定的绝缘性能等特点，因此，适用于扑灭600V以下的带电电器、贵重设备、仪器仪表、图书资料等场所的初起火灾，以及一般B类火灾。CO2是窒息性气体，对人体有害，使用时要注意安全。在灭火时，要连续喷射，防止余烬复燃。在室外，不能逆风使用。

Carbon dioxide extinguisher due to C02 fire extinguishing agent is leaving no trace, insulation and other characteristics, must therefore, at the beginning of the fire extinguished for charged appliances, less than 600V of expensive equipment, instruments, books and other places, and the general class B fire. CO2 is a suffocating gas that is harmful to the human body and should be used safely. At the time of the fire, to prevent the resurgence embers of continuous injection. Outside, do not use upwind.

泡沫灭火剂是一种体积小、表面被液体围成的小泡泡群，它的密度是0.001～0.5。由于它的密度远远小于一般的可燃、易燃液体，因此可以飘浮在液体的表面，形成保护层。使燃烧物与空气隔断，达到窒息灭火的目的。它主要用于扑灭一般可燃、易燃的火灾；同时泡沫还有一定的粘性，能粘附在固体上，所以对扑灭固体火灾也有一定效果。MP型手提式化学泡沫灭火器适用于扑灭一般B类火灾，也适用于扑灭A类火灾，但不能扑灭B类火灾中水溶性可燃物、易燃液体的火灾；也不能扑灭带电设备以及C类和D类火灾。

Foam extinguishing agent is a small, surface surrounded by liquid bubbles, its density is 0.001 ~ 0.5. Because of its density is much smaller than the general flammable flammable liquid, so it can float on the surface of the liquid, forming a protective layer. The fire is separated from the air to achieve the purpose of smothering fire. The utility model is mainly used for extinguishing general flammable and combustible fire; meanwhile, the foam has certain stickiness and can adhere to the solid; therefore, the utility model also has certain effect on extinguishing solid fire. MP type portable chemical foam extinguisher is suitable for general B fire extinguishing, also applies to extinguish a fire, but can not put out B fire water soluble combustible, flammable liquid fire cannot be extinguished; charged equipment and class C and class D fire.

1211灭火器是二氟一氯一溴甲烷的代号，是我国目前生产和使用最广的一种卤代烷灭火剂，通常以液态灌装在钢瓶内。使用时筒内的氮气压力将1211灭火剂喷出灭火。1211灭火器是一种低沸点的液化气体，具有灭火效率高、毒性低、腐蚀性小、久贮不变质、灭火后不留痕迹、不污染被保护物、绝缘性良好等优点。

1211 fire extinguisher is the name of two fluorine, one chlorine, one bromine methane. It is the most widely used and most widely used Halon extinguishing agent in our country. It is usually filled with liquid in the cylinder. When in use, the nitrogen pressure in the cylinder fires out the 1211 extinguishing agent. 1211 fire extinguisher is a low boiling point of liquefied gas, with high fire efficiency, low toxicity, low corrosion, long storage, no deterioration, no traces after fire, no pollution protection, good insulation and so on.

1211灭火器主要适用于扑灭易燃、可燃液体、气体及带电设备的初起火灾(即B类、C类及D类)；也可以对固体物质如木、竹、织物、纸张等表面火灾(即A类)进行扑灭；还可以用于扑灭’仪表仪器、物资仓库、电器仪表等初起火灾；还能扑灭油库等场所的初起火灾。灭火时，要保持直立位置，不可水平或颠倒使用。喷嘴应对准火灾根部，由远及近，快速向前推进；要防止回火复燃，零星小火则可采用点射灭火。如遇可燃液体在容器内燃烧时，可使1211灭火剂的射流由上而下向容器的内壁喷射，且必须避免让射流直接冲击液面，以防燃烧液体飞溅而扩大火势。如果扑灭固体物质表面火灾，应将喷嘴对准燃烧最猛烈处，左右喷射即可。此外，当采用1211灭火器在狭小的密闭空间灭火时，在火被扑灭后，应立即撤离，以防中毒。

1211 fire extinguisher is mainly applicable to extinguish flammable and combustible liquid, gas and electric equipment at the beginning of the fire (i.e. B, C and D); can also be of solid material such as wood, bamboo, fabric, paper and other surface (i.e. a fire fight); can also be used to extinguish "instrument instrument material warehouse, electrical instrument at the beginning of the fire; fires can extinguish oil tank etc.. Keep upright position when fire fighting, and can not be used horizontally or reversely. The nozzle should be the root of the fire, from far and near, fast forward; to prevent backfire again, sporadic small fire can be used fire extinguishing. In case the combustible liquid burns in the container, the jet of the 1211 extinguishing agent can be ejected from the upper and the lower toward the inner wall of the container, and the jet must be directly prevented from impacting the liquid surface so as to prevent the splashing of the liquid from burning and enlarge the fire. If the surface of a solid substance is extinguished, the nozzle shall be directed at the most violent part of the fire. In addition, when 1211 fire extinguishers are used in narrow confined spaces to extinguish fire, the fire should be evacuated immediately after the fire is extinguished, so as to prevent poisoning.