基本措施
Basic measures
按照燃烧原理，一切灭火方法的原理是将灭剂直接喷射到燃烧的物体上或者将灭火剂喷洒在火源附近的物质上，使其不因火焰热辐射作用而形成新的火点。
According to the principle of combustion, the principle of all fire extinguishing methods is to spray extinguishing agent directly onto the burning object or to spray extinguishing agent on the material near the fire source, so that it does not form a new fire point due to the thermal radiation of the flame.
冷却灭火法
Cooling fire extinguishing method
这种灭火法的原理是将灭火剂直接喷射到燃烧的物体上，以降低燃烧的温度于燃点之下。 冷却灭火法是灭火的一种主要方法，常用水和二氧化碳作灭火剂冷却降温灭火。灭火剂在灭火过程中不参与燃烧过程中的化学反应。这种方法属于物理灭火方法。
The principle of this fire extinguishing method is to spray the extinguishing agent directly onto the burning object to reduce the temperature of combustion below the ignition point. Cooling fire extinguishing is a main method of fire extinguishing. Water and carbon dioxide are commonly used as fire extinguishing agents to cool down and extinguish fire. Fire extinguishing agent does not participate in the chemical reaction in the combustion process. This method belongs to physical fire extinguishing method.
隔离灭火法
Isolation fire extinguishing method
隔离灭火法是将正在燃烧的物质和周围未燃烧的可燃物质隔离或移开，中断可燃物质的供给，使燃烧因缺少可燃物而停止。具体方法有：
The isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or remove the burning material from the surrounding unburned combustible material, interrupt the supply of combustible material, and stop the combustion due to the lack of combustible material. Specific methods are as follows:
1、把火源附近的可燃、易燃、易爆和助燃物品搬走；
1. Remove inflammable, flammable, explosive and combustion-supporting materials near the source of fire;
2、关闭可燃气体、液体管道的阀门，以减少和阻止可燃物质进入燃烧区；
2. Close the valves of flammable gas and liquid pipelines to reduce and prevent the inflammable substances from entering the combustion zone.
3、设法阻拦流散的易燃、可燃液体；
3. To prevent the dispersal of flammable and flammable liquids;
4、拆除与火源相毗连的易燃建筑物，形成防止火势蔓延的空间地带。
4. Demolish flammable buildings adjacent to fire sources to form a space zone to prevent the spread of fire.